NAEB news letter (December 01, 1943)

N A £ B N E W S L S T T £ R
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATIONAL 8ROADCASTERS
Frank £. Schooley, Editor* Station WILL* UrBana, III,

December I, 1943

NAEB URGES BAND RESERVATIONS FOR EDUCATION

Meeting in conjunction with the School Broadcast Conference in Chicago on
November 29, NAEB unanimously passed a resolution urging adequate provision

BE MADE FOR EDUCATION IN ANY FUTURE ALLOCATION OF BROADCASTING FACILITIES,

The resolution follows:

"Foreseeing the possible and probable use of FM by education immediately

AFTER THE WAR AND RECOGNIZING the NECESSITY FOR HAVING ADEQUATE FACILITIES
AVAILABLE, THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTERS AOVOCATES5

•|. The reservation of ten channels in the spectrum for use of education*

AND THAT THESE CHANNELS BE ADJACENT TO THOSE RESERVED FOR COMMERCIAL FM
BROADCAST INGo

"2. TMAT MORE ADEQUATE PROVISION BE MADE FOR USE OF FM RELAY STATIONS BY
RESERVATION OF SEVEN OR MORE SUCH FREQUENCIES FOR EDUCATION.

"3. The reservation for exclusive use of education, two channels in any
assignment of such frequencies for television and that such channels shall
BE adjacent to any assigneo commercial television."

A copy of the resolution has been forwardeo to Commissioner John W.
Studebaker of the Office of Education, urging the efforts of his office

IN BEHALF OF ADEQUATE RESERVATION OF BROADCASTING FACILITIES FOR EDUCATION
IN THE POST-WAR ERA BY THE FCC,

KENT RECEIVES SBC "AWARD OF MERIT”

The Fourth annual "Award of Merit," presented each year by the executive
committee O'f the School Broadcast Conference for "outstanding and meri¬
torious service in educational radio" was made to Major Harold W # Kent,
oirector of the Radio Council, Chicago Public Schools and president of
the Association for Education by Radio, on military leave in Washington.

Major Kent was selected by the sponsoring committee of the School Broad¬
cast Conference: composed of 50 leaders in the educational field of radio

FOR HIS SERVICE to RADIO BOTH AS AN EDUCATOR AND AS a WARTIME MILITARY

OFFICER. The "Award of Merit" in previous years has gone to Judith Waller,
PUBLIC SERVICE DIRECTOR, MI0WE3T DIVI8I0N, NBC, CHICAGO; STERLING MSHER,
ASSISTANT TO THE EDUCATIONAL COUNSELLOR, NBC, AND ROBERT HUDSON, DIRECTOR

of the Rocky Mountain Radio Counoil, Denver.

NOTES FROM CHICAGO MEETING

The Association also voted to provide the A£R JOURNAL with a series of

ARTICLES ON NAEB STATIONS. MORE DETAILS WILL BE SUPPLIED IN A LATER ISSUE
OF THE NEWS LETTER....Nov IK, WNYC, was unable to attend because of oeath
OF HIS CHIEF ENGINEER AND CLOSE FRI END....QeaN CaLDWELL OF OREGON DIED

NAEB NEWS LETTER

Page 2

December 1, 1943

SOME WEEKS AGO --ALLEN M|LLER WILL MISS HIS ENCOURAGEMENT IN RADIO WORK
AT KQAC, ...Fred PULLER, WHA MUSIC DIRECTOR, 18 SOMEWHERE »N THE SOUTH
Pac t f t c«». *Oa vi d Johnson, class or *38 or St* Olaf, has succeeded M 0 C*
Jensen at WCAL in Northfield. Jensen is in the East*...attending NAEB

MEETING AND ScrtOOL BROADCAST CONFERENCE WERE THE FOLLOWING, NOT TO

exclusion of others: Major Harold W. Kent, Joe Wright, WILL; Mac McCarty,
WHA; David Johnson, WCAL; Carl Menzer, WSUI; Kay Laroic, Detroit; Oave
s ^ Walter Krulevitch, WHA; George Jennings; Mike Hannah,

#HCU; Pearl Broxam, WSUI; Kenneth Yeeno, KlRO; Bob Miller, WSEZ, Joe Maddy,
Michigan; and Schooley. Seen about the Conference were: Bob Hudson,
Clarence Brown, Luke Roberts, Chet Ouncan, Willard Cgoff, Leon Levine,

Duffy Schwartz, Blanche Young, Judith Waller, Sam Lynch, Harriet Hester,
Sherm Lawton, Jules Flanigan, Mark Haas, Jim Hanlon, and others I may have
neglected to mention at the moment.

WHA ART EXHIBIT ON TOUR

Madison, Wis. Nov* 9 — Today h, 8. McCarty, director and chief shipping
clerk of WHA, Wisconsin State station, shipped out what the station believes

TO BE THE BIGGE8T TRAVELING EXHIBIT OF ART WORKS IN THE FIELD.

There were 23 specially-built cases, designed by H. B,, enclosing nine

PANELS, EACH WITH TWO PICTURES. EACH EXHI8IT WILL BE SHOWN AT ABOUT 15
SCHOOLS, AS THERE ARE 328 WISCONSIN SCHOOLS AND TWO IN NORTHERN ILLINOIS
ON THE ROUND ROBIN EXHIBIT LISTS.

SHT. WM £ T 18 ™ e SOURCE OF THE PICTURES? TmE 33,739 YOUNGSTERS WHO FOLLOW
WHA's h is oonjiin School of the Air art course, "Let's Draw." In 1,850
SCHOOL ROOMS LAST YEAR, THE YOUNG ARTISTS LISTENED TO WEEKLY BROADCASTS,
PLANNED BY James Schwalbach (recently made principal of the high SCHOOL
at Whitewater State Teachers College, Whitewater, Wis.), to teach the use

OF VARIOUS MEDIA, SO THAT PICTURES ARE IN CHALK, WATERCOLGR, AND CRAYON*

The course is now in its seventh year under Schwalbach^ direction. It is

DESIGNED FOR GRADES 6 TO 8, BUT OTHER GRADES 00 USE THE COURSE, AND EVERY
ONCE IN A WHILE A TMIRD OR FOURTH GRADE PUPIL TURNS UP ON THE WEEKLY HONOR
ROLL. THE HONOR ROLL IS CHOSEN FROM THE SEVERAL BEST PICTURES FROM EACH
BROADCAST, CHOSEN BY THE TEACHER AND SENT TO lilt, ScHWALSACH FOR EVALUCAT I ON
AND CRITICISM.

Included with each exhibit is a panel describing the exhibit, which bays
The Wisconsin School of the Air Presents...An exhibit of drawings and

PAINTINGS INSPIRED BY MUSIC, DRAMATIZATION AND NARRATION, PLANNED BY JAMES

Schwalbach of Whitewater Teachers College. w

Indicative of the fine results of the course, and Mr. Schwalbach's firm

BELIEF IN ITS VALUE IS HIS REFUSAL TO RELINQUISH HIS *108 OF WRITING SCRIPTS,
FUDGING ANO CORRESPONDtNG, EVEN THOUGH HE HAS RECENTLY SEEN MADE PRINCIPAL
OF THE HIGH SCHOOL OF WHITEWATER TEACHERS COLLEGE, WHITEWATER, WISCONSIN,
WHERE HE HAD FORMERLY BEEN AN ART TEACHER,

PRO ARTE QUARTET PICTURES OFFERED WHA LISTENERS

A STRIKING PICTURE OF THE CHAMBER MUSIC GROUP, THE PRO ARTE QUARTET, IS BEING
OFFCREO FREE TO LISTENERS OF WHA, THE W0 SCONSIN STATE 8TAT ION. PqR THE

NAE8 NEWS LETTER

Page 3

Oecember 1, 1943

SECONO YEAR THE QUARTET IS BROADCAST I NG WEEKLY TO ILLUSTRATE A COURSE IN

Quartet is broadcasting weekly to illustrate a course in Quartets or Haydn

AND M02ART GIVEN BEFORE A UNIVERSITY CLASS BY PROF. CARL BriCKEN, DIRECTOR

of the Music School o

The Quartet members are on the staff of the Music school. The picture is

OFFERED IN HOPES OF INCREASING THE RADIO AUDIENCE OF THE OUTSTANDING GROUP,

SO THAT THE CULTURAL INFLUENCE OF THEIR MUSIC MAY REACH ALL THE PEOPLE OF

Wisconsin which the station and the Quartet serve.

The informal pose, in formal dress, shows Germaine Prevost, violist,

George Sopkin, cellist, and Albert Rahier, second violin, studying the

SHEET OF MUSIC HELD BY ANTONIO 8r0SA, FIRST VIOLIN AND DIRECTOR OF THE

group. The picture was taken by the University photographer, Homer Montague,

AND FINANCED BY THE MUSIC SCHOOL.

Pine comments on the program accompany requests and are more than reward

ENOUGH FOR WHA FOR MAILING THE PHOTOS® HOWEVER, IF WE GET THE KIND OF
RESPONSE WE DID TO TME OFFER OF A FREE PATRIOTIC PAMPHLET PUT OUT BY THE

Bureau of Oral and Visual Instruction—3166 at the last count— the Music

SCHOOL isn’t GOING TO LIKE IT, AT 15^ A PICTURE. 1

SCIENCE FROM CLASSROOM ON W H A D

Attempting for the first time to broadcast a scientific course by air

DIRECTLY FROM THE CLASSROOM, WNAD WILL PRE9ENT A SERIES OF LECTURES ON
PLANT SCIENCE AND ANIMAL BIOLOGY, "BIOLOGICAL BaQIS OF HUMAN AFFAIRS,* TO
BE HEARD EACH MONDAY, WEDNESDAY AND FRIDAY FROM 11:15 TO 12 NOON.

Coming under the general heading of "Radio Classroom of the Ajr,» these

LECTURES WILL NOT BE FOR SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD, BUT RATHER WILL BE
PRESENTED AS GENERAL UNIVER8ITY COURSES.

Discussions are led by the following professors: Aute Richards, a. 0. Wecse
and A. U Ortensurger, professors of zoology, and Milton Hopkins and H. L #
Chance, associate professor of plant sciences.

"SPEAKING TO PARENTS* ON K F K U

"Speaking to Parents," a weekly KFKU Friday afternoon feature, is planned
especially for the parents of children of preschool age, two to five years.
The broadcasts are sponsored and prepared by the University of Kansas
Nursery School staff.

Authorities in the fields of child care and psychology discuss everyday
problems of parents on the quarter-hour broadcast. The topics for discussion

DURING OECEMBER WILL INCLUDE MENTAL DEVELOPMENT, BEHAVIOR, CHILDREN'S PLAY
AND PLAY MATERIALS, AND LITERATURE FOR CHILDREN.

"Speaking to Parents" is broadcast at 2:30 o’clock on Friday afternoons
over KFKU. Following, at 2:45, are the "Speaking to Women" programs.

"Food News" from the department of home economics is broadcast once every

TWO WEEK8, AND ON ALTERNATE FRIDAY AFTERNOONS KFKU PRESENTS "TUNES ANO

Tips" from the Office of War Information.

NAE8 NEWS LETTER

Page 4

December I, 1943

In the series* "Living Books* 11 on K F K U at 9:30-10:00 p.m., Wednesdays*

THE STATION PROPOSES TO EXAMINE SOME OF THE GREAT BOOKS THAT STILL HAVE
A GREAT OEAL TO SAY ABOUT OUR ST ANOARDS—THE VALUES THAT WE SET UP OR FAIL
TO SET UP.

The APPROACH TO THE9E books will be non-techw ical. a group of professors
in the University will discuss each of them, from the standpoint of their

HUMAN INTEREST, THEIR REFLECTION OF LIFE. "WHY HAS THIS BOOK LIVED?

THEY WILL SAY IN EFFECT. "WHAT DOES IT HAVE TO OFFER TO US NOW? 1 HENCE
OLD AS WELL AS NEW BOOKS, FROM HOMER l S ODYSSEY TO CONTEMPORARY DRAMA WILL
BE CONSIDERED. THE TEST OF A BOOK WILL BE ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE UNDER¬
STANDING OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT IN ITS PROBLEMS AND ITS ASPIRATIONS.

W K A R CARRIES STATE DEPARTMENTAL SERIES

As EARLY AS 1925* THE DATE OF THE EARLIEST PRINTED PROGRAM OF THIS STATION*
DEPARTMENTS OF STATE GOVERNMENT HAVE BROADCAST OVER WKAR C °URING THE
INTERVENING YEARS ALMOST EVERY AGENCY OF THE STATE HAS, AT SOME TIME* USED
THE STATION. SOME DEPARTMENTS HAVE CARRIED A WEEKLY BROADCAST OVER A LONG
PERIOD. AS A PUBLIC SERVICE STATION* WKAR HAS ALWAYS WELCOMED THE OPPORT¬
UNITY TO PROVIDE A MEANS OF KEEPING LISTENERS INFORMED OF THEIR GOVERNMENT.

Six DEPARTMENTS ARE SCHEDULED EACH WEEK DURING DECEMBER. THE DEPARTMENT

of Agriculture is heard on Tuesday at 1:00 p.m. On Wednesday the Department
or Health broadcasts at 1:00, and the Civil Service Department at 3:15.

The State Historical Commission presents glimpses of the past in Michigan*
each Thursday at II:00 a.m. The State Highway Department ano the Department
of Public Instruction are heard at 1:30 and 2*00 p.m. on Friday.

WHA OFFERS NEW MUSIC PROGRAM LISTING

WHA 1 S NEW FREE LASTING OF CLASSICAL MUSIC PROGRAMS FOR THE COMING MONTH
HAS BEEN ENTHUSIASTICALLY RECEIVED BY LISTENERS. CONCEIVED BY MUSIC

Director Don Voegeli six weeks ago, the project will probably remain as a

PERMANENT FREE SERVICE TO WHA LISTENERS.

Co-operation of the record companies makes possible the listing of Music
of the Masters, Masterworks of Music and Music You Want. The titles of

FEATURED WORKS ARE MIMEOGRAPHED ON A DOUBLE-FOLDED LEGAL SI2E SHEET OF
M & MCO STOCK, USED SIOEWAYS, WITH A PRINTED HEADING "CLASSICAL MUSIC

WHA Program Schedules." Each program occupies a third of the sheet and is

CONTINUED ON THE REVERSE SIDE.

The first 5i days* mail brought 202 requests. The free listing is being

PROMOTED BY Don THROUGH MUSIC STORES, RECORD SHOPS AND MUSIC COLUMNS.

MAIL REQUESTS ARE ON THE INCREASE.

Appreciation of wha‘s generous classical music programs gomes with most
requests. "Your wonderful programs are an antidote for the strain of the;

EVER-PRESENT WAR SITUATION...." "I AM A MUSICIAN WHO MOVED AWAY FROM CITY
NO 18CS, NOW THE ONLY ENJOYMENT I GET IS FROM WHA RADIO STATION.... AND
AN ENGINEERING FIRM IN WaTCRTOWN WROTE FOR THE SCHEDULE, EXPLAINING THAT
THE MEN IN THE SHOP LISTEN TO WHA 1 3 MUSIC PROGRAMS.

AND ON A POST CARD CAME THE REQUEST "PLEASE SEND FREE MUSIC SCHEDULE ANO
MIMEOBBAPHED SHEET ON RAISING CALVES."

NAE8 NEWS LETTER. Page 5.

"SCIENCE FIGHTS THE WAR* REVIEWED IN WNYC SERIES

DECEMBER I, 1943

PRONT8 ON WHICH " SC 1 ENCE FIGHTS THE WAR” SERVE AS SUBJECTS FOR DISCUSSION

on WNYC 1 s 8:15 p.m. Friday series in collaboration with the New York Branch
of the American Association of Scientific Workers, Since scientific

RESEARCH, ACCELERATED BY WoRLO WaR II, PURSUES MANY LINES, THE BROADCASTS;
PRESIDED OVER BY Or. SaMUEL KaISER, EDUCATIONAL CHAIRMAN OF THE NEW YORK
BRANCH OF THE ASSOCIATION, COVER A WIDE RANGE OF INTEREST,

The December topics for the "SCIENCE FIGHTS THE WAR" Series are typical

OF THE BREADTH OF THE DISCUSSIONS.

On Oecember 3, "HUMAN FACTORS IN WAR FLYING" WILL BE REVIEWED BY Or.

Arthur Shapiro, a New York physician who has done research in human

PHYSIOLOGY AS IT RELATE8 TO THE SUBJECT OF THE BROADCAST, "THE CHINESE
INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVES" is the topic of the December 10 broadcast, with
David Leacock, engineer and specialist on Chinese problems for Industrial
Cooperatives, Inc.

Scientific sidelights on war-time problems, including famine, will be
discussco on the December 17, "INDIA AND THE WAR", program, by G. 8. Lal,
science editor of International News Service. On the last December
"SCIENCE FIGHTS THE WAR" BROADCAST, "POWDER METALLURGY IN INDUSTRY AND AT
THE FRONTS" will be discussed by Dr, Charles J„ Bier, research chemist and
metallurgical engineer,

Philip T„ Blackwooq, young American bass baritone, is scheduled to do a
series of four recitals in December over WNYC, Saturday evenings at 8:30 p.m,
"SONGS OF MANY LANDS" WILL PROVIDE THE MUSIC FOR THE BROADCASTS, AND THE
FIRST PROGRAM ON DECEMBER 4 WILL BE A GROUP OF AMERICAN SONGS, THE SECOND

a British group, the third a group of French and Russian works ano the

FINAL BROADCAST IN THE SERIES, ON CHRISTMAS NIGHT WlLL BE A REQUEST PROGRAM
OF FAVORITE NATIVITY MUSIC. Mr. BLACKWOOD, A GRAOUATE OF WESTMINSTER CHOIR

College, has sung in church choirs throughout New York for several years,

AND IS PRESENTLY IN THE CHOIR AT THE CHURCH OF THE EPIPHANY. F(>R THE PAST
SEVEN YEARS HE HAS SUNG WITH THE DESSOFF CHOIRS.

Begun last year, WNYC’s "HISTORICAL CYCLE OF MUSIC" for the piano will

CONTINUE THIS YEAR, SATURDAYS AT 9 P.M. AS A HALF-HOUR MUNICIPAL CONCERT

Hall feature. As in last year’s Volume I of the series, the "HISTORICAL

CYCLE" WILL HAVE THE SERVICE OF THE TALENTED PIANIST, DAVID StlMER, WHO
TRACES THE DEVELOPMENT OF KEYBOARD MUSIC FROM ITS BEGINNING WITH ByRO ANO

Rameau in the 16th century, through present day composers. Mr 0 Stimer,

FORMER HOLDER OF THE PHILHARMONIC SCHOLARSHIP FOR STUDY WITH JOSEPH LhEVINE
ANO OF JUILLIARO GRADUATE SCHOLARSHIPS, HAS BEEN FACULTY ACCOMPANIST IN
THE *CELLO DEPARTMENT AT JUILLARD AND IS CURRENTLY ON THE STAFF OF WNYC.

Volume II begins on December 4th, with a broadcast by Mr. Stimer of works

BY THE 17th CENTURY COMPOSER OF PIANO WORKS, DaNDRIEU. On THE TWO
SUBSEQUENT SATUROAY NIGHT RECITALS, DECEMBER ItTH ANO S8TH, WORKS OF
HANDEL WILL BE PLAYED, AND THE FOLLOWING THREE SATURDAY MUSI CALCS (DEC,

25, Jan. I and 8) will be devoted to music of Bach. Scarlatti will be the

FEATURED COMPOSER ON THE "HISTORICAL CYCLE OF MUSIC" BROADCASTS FOR JAN.

15 AND 22.

NAEB NEWS LETTER

Page 6

December l, 1943

OHIO INSTITUTE DATES SET FOR MAY 5-8.

The Fifteenth Institute for Education by Radio will be held at the Oeshler-
Wallick Hotel, Columbus, Friday through Monday, May 6-8, according to I *
Keith Tyler, Director of the Institute. It is also probable that NAE8 will
arrange to hold its annual meeting in conjunction with the Institute, so

BETTER MARK THOSE DATES DOWN#

Closing date for entries to the Eighth Annual Exhibition and Citations of
Eoucational Radio Programs will be March 15, 1944. Specifications and
entry blanks may be obtained by stations, educational organizations and
regional networks by writing the Director of the Institute, The Ohio State
University, Columbus, 10, Ohio.

COLORADO COLLEGE PRESENTS: "LET’S MAKE MUSIC"

LE7 ? S MAKE MUSIC comes to the Rocky Mountain Region perfected into twelve
half-hour lecture-concerts of delightful swift-moving entertainment,

PRESENTED BY COLORADO COLLEGE UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN.

Radio Council.

LET’S MAKE MUSIC FIRST TOOK FORM IN HEW YORK C|JY AS THIRTY BROADCASTS BY

Roy ano Johana Harris with assisting artists, and was further (developed as
a Sunday feature on the Cornell University C8S station by the same artists*

In LET’S MAKE MUSIC, the hearer listens in on a lively stuoio chat between
Roy Harris and his friend George, "Mr. Average Man", as they listen to
music played by Johana Harris and their musician friends. More than half
of each broadcast will be music. Excerpts and entire works run the gamut
FROM YESTERDAY’S 8aCH, MOZART, AND BEETHOVEN, TO TODAY’S ROY HARRIS. THE
COMPOSER MAKES CLEAR TO HIS LISTENERS IN THE STUDIO AND ON THE AIR, IN AN
EASY-GOING, PERSONAL, HUMOROUS WAY, JUST HOW AND WHY MUSIC AFFECTS THEM.

OFF THE CUFF .

Waldo Abbot at Michigan has gotten out another of those breezy letters of

HIS TO HIS FORMER STUOES, NOW LOCATEO ALL OVER THE WORLD... .WHA NEWS LETTER
SHOWS HOW PLAYFUL WHA STAFF IS....MENTIONS HALLOWE’EN PARTY STAGED BY

st aff «... Harold Engel visited WHA recently enroute from coast to coast...
Harold is still located in Seattle... .WCAL, St. Olaf College, was granted

AUTHORITY TO DETERMINE OPERATING POWER BY OIRECT MEASUREMENT, NOVEMBER H...
KOAC’S REQUEST TO USE WE TRANSMITTER AS AN AUXILIARY WAS DISMISSED BY FCC

at KOAC request....The FCC granted WRUF, University of Florida, special

SERVICE AUTHORIZATION TO OPERATE UNLIMITED TIME FOR PERIOD ENDING FEBRUARY I

1944....The following item was carried by the Associated Press: "The

BROADCASTING OF COLLEGE BASKETBALL IS GOING TO BE GIVEN A NETWORK TRYOUT
NEXT SaTUROAY AFTERNOON. (OeCEMBER 4) B|LL STERN WILL GIVE A PLAY BY PLAY
DESCRIPTION OF THE GAME BETWEEN PRINCETON AND DARTMOUTH (OVER NBC). The
BROADCAST WILL START AT 3?45 O’CLOCK. IT WILL BE ONE OF THE RARE OCCASIONS
THAT BASKETBALL HAS BEEN PUT ON THE SAME BROADCASTING BASIS WITH FOOTBALL.

The speed of basketball requires exceptionally fast oral description. And

THE SUCCESS OF THE TRANSMISSION IS EXPECTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER OTHER
BASKETBALL GAMES WILL BE BROADCAST. "TOURNAMENT BASKETBALL HAS BEEN CARRIED
BEFORE ON THE NETWORKS BUT MAINLY IN SUMMARY FORM.” I *M AFRAID THAT

NAEB NEWS LETTER

Page 7

December 5, 5943

REFERENCE TO BROADCAST II NG ON SAME BASIS AS COLLEGE FOOTBALL WILL GIVE
SOME COLLEGE STATIONS A SMILE. PERHAPS SAME BASIS FOR NETWORKS, BUT MANY
A COLLEGE BASKETBALL BROADCASTER CAN GIVE BlLL STERN A RUN FOR THE MONEY
WHEN IT COMES TO HANDLING THE GAME.»•»•••

SCHOOLCY

Scanned from the National Association of Educational Broadcasters Records
at the Wisconsin Historical Society as part of
"Unlocking the Airwaves: Revitalizing an Early Public and Educational Radio Collection."

'oiTu> c KTwe
\\KWAVEs

A collaboration among the Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities,
University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Communication Arts,
and Wisconsin Historical Society.

Supported by a Humanities Collections and Reference Resources grant from
the National Endowment for the Humanities

I I T I—I MARYLAND INSTITUTE for

I TECHNOLOGY in the HUMANITIES

UNIVERSITY OF

MARYLAND

WISCONSIN

HISTORICAL

SOCIETY

WISCONSIN

NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE

Humanities

views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication/collection do not necessarily reflect those of the

National Endowment for the Humanities.